Web Application

What is the most common type of web application security threat?

Answer: The most common type of web application security threat is SQL injection.

What is Cross-site Scripting (XSS)?

Answer: Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of security vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject malicious code into a web application.

What are the steps to prevent XSS attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent XSS attacks include input validation, output encoding, and context-sensitive output escaping.

What is Cross-site Request Forgery (CSRF)?

Answer: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that tricks a user into making an unintended request to a web application.

What are the steps to prevent CSRF attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent CSRF attacks include using a secret token, validating the HTTP request method, and using a CAPTCHA.

What is a buffer overflow attack?

Answer: A buffer overflow attack is a type of attack that occurs when an attacker sends more data than a web application can handle, causing the application to crash or become vulnerable to further exploits.

What are the steps to prevent buffer overflow attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent buffer overflow attacks include input validation, output encoding, and avoiding insecure programming techniques.

What is a denial-of-service attack (DoS)?

Answer: A denial-of-service attack (DoS) is a type of attack that prevents users from accessing a web application by flooding it with requests.

What are the steps to prevent DoS attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent DoS attacks include rate limiting, request filtering, and using a web application firewall (WAF).

What is a man-in-the-middle attack (MITM)?

Answer: A man-in-the-middle attack (MITM) is a type of attack that allows an attacker to intercept and modify data sent between two parties.

What are the steps to prevent MITM attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent MITM attacks include using a secure protocol such as HTTPS, implementing certificate pinning, and using a public key infrastructure (PKI).

What is a clickjacking attack? Answer: A clickjacking attack is a type of attack that tricks a user into clicking on a hidden link or button on a web page.

What are the steps to prevent clickjacking attacks? Answer: The steps to prevent clickjacking attacks include using the X-Frame-Options header, implementing content security policy (CSP), and using framebusting techniques.

What is a directory traversal attack? Answer:

A directory traversal attack is a type of attack that allows an attacker to access restricted directories and files on a web server.

What are the steps to prevent directory traversal attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent directory traversal attacks include input validation, output encoding, and using an access control list (ACL).

What is a SQL injection attack?

Answer: A SQL injection attack is a type of attack that allows an attacker to execute malicious SQL commands on a database.

What are the steps to prevent SQL injection attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent SQL injection attacks include input validation, output encoding, and using parameterized queries.

What is an insecure direct object reference attack?

Answer: An insecure direct object reference attack is a type of attack that allows an attacker to access restricted objects on a web application.

What are the steps to prevent insecure direct object reference attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent insecure direct object reference attacks include input validation, output encoding, and using access control lists (ACLs).

What is a path traversal attack?

Answer: A path traversal attack is a type of attack that allows an attacker to access restricted files and directories on a web server.

What are the steps to prevent path traversal attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent path traversal attacks include input validation, output encoding, and using an access control list (ACL).

What is a remote file inclusion attack?

Answer: A remote file inclusion attack is a type of attack that allows an attacker to inject malicious code into a web application.

What are the steps to prevent remote file inclusion attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent remote file inclusion attacks include input validation, output encoding, and using a whitelist of file types.

What is a zero-day attack?

Answer: A zero-day attack is a type of attack that exploits a previously unknown vulnerability in a web application.

What are the steps to prevent zero-day attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent zero-day attacks include patching vulnerabilities, using a web application firewall (WAF), and monitoring system logs.

What is a brute force attack?

Answer: A brute force attack is a type of attack that attempts to guess passwords or encryption keys by trying every possible combination.

What are the steps to prevent brute force attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent brute force attacks include using strong passwords, implementing two-factor authentication, and using a web application firewall (WAF).

What is a web server attack?

Answer: A web server attack is a type of attack that targets the web server hosting a web application.

What are the steps to prevent web server attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent web server attacks include hardening the server, keeping software up-to-date, and using a web application firewall (WAF).

What is a session hijacking attack?

Answer: A session hijacking attack is a type of attack that allows an attacker to take control of a user’s session.

What are the steps to prevent session hijacking attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent session hijacking attacks include using secure protocols such as HTTPS, regenerating the session ID, and using two-factor authentication.

What is a cross-site request forgery attack (CSRF)?

Answer: A cross-site request forgery attack (CSRF) is a type of attack that tricks a user into making an unintended request to a web application.

What are the steps to prevent cross-site request forgery attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent cross-site request forgery attacks include using a secret token, validating the HTTP request method, and using a CAPTCHA.

What is an application-level attack?

Answer: An application-level attack is a type of attack that targets the application logic of a web application.

What are the steps to prevent application-level attacks?

Answer: The steps to prevent application-level attacks include input validation, output encoding, and using a web application firewall (WAF).